【时讯】2017年MBA/MPA/MPACC等管理类联考英语真题

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mba管理类联考考试的综合能力已经结束了。 本教育商学院的小编在第一时间为大家整理了联考数学的真题，供大家参考。

整理形状填空:

would a work-free world be so bad？

fearsofcivilization-wideidlenessarebasedtoomuchonthedownsidesofbeingunemployedinasocietypremisedontheconceptofemployment。

a 1567 paintingbypieterbruegeltheelderdepictsamythicallandofplenty，wherepeoplegrowidleintheabsenceofwork.WikiPedia * ILAN AE.STT peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork，and today is no different，with academics，writers， andactivistsonceagainwarningthattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinebine y:a thecapital，andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland。

a different，less paranoid，andnotmutuallyexclusivepredictionholdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort， onecharacterizedbypurposelessness:withoutjobstogivetheirlivesmeaning， peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepresed.ind eded today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.onegalluppollfoundthat 20 Percene loyedforatlast ar report having depression，doubletherateforworkingamericans.also， someresearchsuggeststhattheexplanationforrisingratesormory mental-health problems，andaddictionamongpoorly-educated， middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-Paid Jobs.AnotherstudyshowsthatPeopleareoftenhappieratworkthanintheirfreetime.Perp HaPe whape

but it doesn’tnecessarilyfollowfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithmalaise.suchvisionsarebasedonthode dee tybuiltontheconceptofemployment.intheabsenceofwork， asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldyieldstrikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.today， thevirtueofworkmaybeabitoverblown .“manyjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthy，andasquanderingofhumanpotential， ”says Jon Alectureratthenationaluniversityofirelandingalwaywhohaswrittenaboutawithoutwork.globalsurveysfindthatthevastmajority

these days，becauseleisuretimeisrelativelyscarceformostworkers， peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotionaldemandsoftheirjobs.' whenicomehomefromahardday ' swork I often fen “danaher says，adding，“inaworldinwhichidon’tha veto work，imightfeelratherdifferent-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimselfintoahi

havingajobcanprovideameasureoffinancialstability， butinadditiontostressingoverhowtocoverlife’snecesities today’sjoblessarefrequentlymadetofeellikesocialoutcasts .“PeoPLewhoavov ndleches是“danaher says.perhapsasaresultofthisculturalattitude、for most people、self-esteemandidentityaretiedupintricatelyws”

plus，in many modern-day societies， unemploymentcanalsobedownrightboring.americantownsandcitiesaren’treallybuiltforlotsoffreetime:publicspacestendtobesmalil in s andtherearen’tmanyplaceswithoutentryfeeswhereadultscanmeetnewpeopleorcomeupwithwaystoentertanone。

therootsofthisboredommayrunevendeeper.Peter gray，aprofessorofpsychologyatbostoncollegewhostudiestheconceptofplay，thinkhs

disappeared tomorrow、peoplemightbeatalossforthingstodo、 growingboredanddepressedbecausetheyhaveforgottenhowtoplay .“weteachchildrenadistinctionbetweenplayandwork”， “gray explains .“workissomethingthatyoudon’twanttodobutyouhavetodo .”hesaysthistraining，which starts in school， eventually“drillstheplay”outofmanychildren，whogrowuptobeadultswhoareaimlesswhenpresentedwithfreetime。

“sometimespeopleretirefromtheirwork，and they don’tknowwhattodo，“gray says .“they”velosttheabilitytocreatetheirownactivities .” ear-oldsthataregoingtobelazyanddepressedbecausetheydon’thaveastructuredactivity，“he says”。

but need it be this way？ work-freesocietiesaremorethanjustathoughtexperiment-they’veexistedthroughouthumanhistory.consider hunter-gather es，work-ff or eight-hour work days.tenthousandyearsago，all humans were hunter-gatherers，and some still are. daniel everett，ananthropologistate in massachusetts，studiedagroupofhunter-gathersintheamazoncalledthepirahforyears.accordingtoeverett，whilesomemightconsiderhu hunter-gatherers don’t.theythinkofitasfun，. he says.they don’have

“it’saprettylaid-backlifemostofthetime，“Everett says.hedescribedatypicaldayforthepirah:amanmightgetup，spendafewhourscanoes have a barbecue，go for a swim，bring fish back to his family，andplayuntiltheevening.suchsubsistencelivingissurelynotwithoutitsownseton buttheanthropologistmarshallsahlinsarguedina 1968 essaythathunter-gathersbelongedto“theoriginalaffluentsociety”sein gtas evereto naverageworkabout 20 hours a week ( nottomentionwithoutbossespeeringovertheirshoulders ).me whith accordingtothebureauoflaborstatistis

doesthisleisurelylifeleadtothedepressionandpurposelessnessseenamongsomanyoftoday’s unemployed？ “I’veneverseenanythingremotelylikedepressionthere，except People who are Physically ILL， “Everett says .“theyhaveablast.theyplayallthetime .”whilemanymayconsiderworkastapleofhumanlife， workasitexiststodayisarelativelynewinventioninthecourseofthousandsofyearsofhumanculture.we think it’sbadtojustsitaroundwith。 nothing to do，“says everett. “for the pirahã，it’squiteadesirablestate .”

graylikenstheseaspectsofthehunter-gathererlifestyletothecarefreeadventuresofmanychildrenindevelopedcountries， whoatsomepointinlifeareexpectedtoputawaychildishthings.butthathasn’talwaysbeenthecase.accordingtogarycross’s 1990 books a hists freetimeintheu.s.lookedquitedifferentbeforethe 18 thand 19 th centuries.farmers-whichwasfar

describeahugenumberofamericansatthattime-mixedworkandplayintheirdailylives.therewerenomanagersoroverseers，sotheywouldswitchi taking breaks，joining in neighborhood games，playing pranks，andspendingtimewithfamilyandfriends.nottomentionfestivalsandothergate for instance，had 84 holidaysayerin 1070 andweatherkeptthemfromfarminganother 80 orsodaysayear。

this all changed、writes cross、during the industrial revolution、 whichreplacedfarmswithfactoriesandfarmerswithemployees.factoryownerscreatedamorerigidlyscheduledenvironmentthatclearypies fres clocks-whichwerebecomingwidespreadatthattime-begantogivelifeaquickerpace，and religious leaders，whotraditionallyendorsedmostff startedassociatingleisurewithsinandtriedtoreplacerowdyfestivalswithsermons。

asworkersstartedmovingintocities，familiesnolongerspenttheirdaystogetheronthefarm.instead，men worked in factories，womenstayedhi and children went to school、stayed home、orworkedinfactoriestoo.duringtheworkday、familiesbecamephysicallyseparated、whichaffected andthestreetsweremostlywipedcleanoffun，asmiddle-and upper-classfamiliesfoundworking-classactivitieslikecockfightingandicege

with workers’oldoutletsforplayhavingdisappearedinahazeoffactorysmoke，many of them turned to new， moreurbanones.barsbecamearefugewheretiredworkersdrankandwatchedliveshowswithsinginganddancing.iffreetimemeansberandtvlo

at times、developed societies have、for a privileged few、producedlifestylesthatwerenearlyasplay-filledashunter-gatherers’. througge aristocratswhoearnedtheirincomesimplybyowninglandspentonlyatinyportionoftheirtimemindingfinancialexigencies.accordingtoradong trumbach，aprofessorofhistoryatbaruchcollege，18th-centuryenglisharistocratsspenttheirdaysvisitingfriends，eating elabora hosting writing letters，fishing， andgoingtochurch.theyalsospentagooddealoftimeparticipatinginpolitics without Pay.theirchildrenwouldlearntodance，play instruments speak foreign languages，andreadlatin.russiannoblesfrequentlybecameintellectuals，writers， and artists.as a17 th-centuryaristocratsaid“‘we sit down to eat and rise up to play，forwhatisagentlemanbuthispleasure？ ”。 》trumbach says。

it’sunlikelythataworldwithoutworkwouldbeabundantenoughtoprovideeveryonewithsuchlavishlifestyles.butgrayinsiststhatinjection m ople’sliveswouldbeagoodthing，because，contrarytothat 17 th-century aristocrat，playisaboutmorethanpleasure.through play，gray says

express their creativity，cooperate，overcome narcissism， andgetalongwithotherpeople .“malemammalstypicallyhavedifficultylivingincloseproximitytoeachother， “he says，and play’s Harmony-promoting Propertiesmayexplainwhyitcametobesocentraltohunter-gatherer societies.whilemostoftoday’ gray doesn’tbelieveit’sanunrecoverableskill:it’snot uncommon，he says，forgrandparentstore-lerantan

whenpeopleponderthenatureofaworldwithoutwork，theyoftentransposepresent-dayassumptionsaboutlaborandleisureontoafuturewhere。 ifautomationdoesenduprenderingagoodportionofhumanlaborunnecessary，suchasocietymightexistoncompletelydifferenttermsthansocites

sowhatmightawork-freeu.s.look like？ gray has some ideas. school，for one thing，wouldbeverydifferent.ithinkoursystemofschoolingwouldcompletelyfallbythewayside， “says gray .“theprimarypurposeoftheeducationalsystemistoteachpeopletowork.id on’tthinkanybodywouldwanttoputourkidsthohgh”。 e put our kids through now.” instead，graysuggeststhatteacherscouldbuildlessonsaroundwhatstudentsaremostcuriousabout.or，Phrect

trumbach，meanwhile，wondersifschoolingwouldbecomemoreaboutteachingchildrentobeleaders，rather than workers， throughsubjectslikephilosophyandrhetoric.healsothinksthatpeoplemightparticipateinpoliticalandpubliclifemore， likearistocratsofyore .“ifgreaternumbersofpeoplewereusingtheirleisuretorunthecountry，thatwouldgivepeopleasenseofpurpose，”。

sociallifemightlookalotdifferenttoo.sincetheindustrialrevolution、mothers、fathers、andchildrenhavespentmostoftheirwakinghours peopleofdifferentagesmightcometogetheragain.' wewouldbecomemuchlessisolatedfromeachother，' gray imagines， perhapsalittleoptimistically .“whenamomishavingababy”， everybodyintheneighborhoodwouldwanttohelpthatmom .”researchershavefoundthavingcloserelationshipsisthenumber-onepredicotion andthesocialconnectionsthatawork-freeworldmightenablecouldwelldisplacetheaimlessnessthatsomanyfuturistspredict。

in general，without work，graythinkspeoplewouldbemorelikelytopursuetheirpassions，get involved in the arts， andvisitfriends.perhapsleisurewouldceasetobeaboutunwindingafteraperiodofhardwork， andwouldinsteadbecomeamorecolorful varied thing.' wewouldn ' thavetobeasself-orientedaswethinkwehavetobenow，' he says.' ibelievews

新题型

thesurprisingtruthaboutamericanmanufacturing

thedeclineinamericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain，particularlyfromdonaldtrump .“we don’tmakeanythinganymore，“he told fox news la

on tuesday，in rust belt pennsylvania，he doubled down， sayingthathehad " visitedcitiesandtownsacrossthiscountrywhereathirdorevenhalfofmanufacturingjobshavebeeenwipedoutinthelast 2y0earea al，he added，" wouldbethedeathblowforamericanmanufacturing."。

without question，manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades，andfurthertradealsraisequestionsaboutwhethersw

butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata。

in reality，unitedstatesmanufacturingoutputisatall-timehigh，worth .2 trillion in， up from $ 1.7 trillion in 2009.andwhiletotalemploymenthasfallenbynearlyathirdsince 1970，thejobsthatremainareincreasinglyskiled

across the country，factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers， astheydidduringthegreatcert theymayendupwithtoofew.despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing， americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintaking plu cruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.andthoseindustriesdon’thavethestigmaof 40 yearsofrecuringlay

“we’veneverhadsomuchattentionfrommanufacturers.they’recallingandsaying :‘canwemeetyourstudents？’ they’re asking，‘why aren’ttheylookingatmyjobpostings？ ' ' says julie parks，executivedirectorofworkforcetrainingatgrandrapidscommunity collegeinwesternmichigan。

theregionisamicrocosmofthenationalchallenge.unemploymenthereislow ( around3percent，comparedwithastatewideaverageof5percent ) . there aren’tmanyextraworkerswaitingforajob.andtheneedishigh:1in5Peopleworkinmanufacturing，churning out auto parts，MA Chachi Pli andmedicaldevices.other industries，includingagribusinessandlifesciences，arevyingforthesamowe

for factory owners， italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers–andupwardpressureonwages.they’rehardertofindandtheyhavejob“says Jay Dun well， president of wolverine coil spring，a family-owned firm.theymaybecoming [ into the work force ]，but they’vebeenpluckedbyotherindustries

MR.dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.heisalsopartofapublic-private in tion e dentsthatincludesjobfairsandsendingamobiledemonstrationvehicletoruralschools.oneoftheirmesagesies at factories are no longer dark computer-runsystemsarethenormandrecruitscanreceiveapprenticeshipsthatincludepaid-forcollegeclases。

at roman manufacturing，amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin 1980， robertrothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly 200 workers.fiveareretiringthisyear.MR.rothasthreecommunity-collegestudens。 d in a work-placement program，withastartingwageof $ 13 anhourthatrisesto $ 17 aftertwoyears。

ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant， youngjasonstenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilshe’stryingtoassembleandthearivalof thisishisfirstencounterwithroth， his boss.askedabouthischoiceofcareer，hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforewith

“iloveworkingwithtools.I love creating，”he says。

but to win over these young workers，manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:Parents， wholivedthroughtheworstuseconomicdownturnsincethegreatdepression，tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.millennials " remembertheirfathes “says birgit klohs，chief executive of the right place，Abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternmichigan。

theseconcernsaren’tmisplaced:employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in.thesteepestdeclinescame 1， whenchinagainedentrytotheworldtradeorganizationandrampedupexportsofconsumergoodstotheusandotherrichcountries.inareasexpostedes every additional $ 1，000 ofimportsperworkermeanta $ 550 anualdropinhouseholdincomeperworking-age adult， accordingtoastudyintheamericaneconomicreview.and unemployment，social security，andothergovernmentbenefitswentup $ 60 per Peser

the 2008-09 recessionwasanotherblow.andadvancesincomputingandroboticsoffernewwaysforfactoryownerstoincreaseproductivityusing

when the recovery began，workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skiledtrades.electricians，plumbers，andpipefitersareinin vocation

and union-runapprenticeshipsaren’tkeepingpacewithdemandoldertradespeopleareleavingtheworkforce.nowshortagesareapperinging

“thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill”saysrobspohr， abusinessprofessoratmontcalmcommunitycollegeanhourfromgrandrapids.there’senoughpeopletofillthejobsatmcdonaldsandoherplar ereye l.it’sthatgapinbetween，and that’swheretheproblemis .“

MS.Parksofgrandrapidscommunitycollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringmillennialsintomanufacturing:a work / a work life balance.whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours，youngpeoplevalueflexibility.overtimeisnotattractivethisgeners

rothsayshegetsthisdistinction.at Roman、workerscansettheirownhoursontheirshift、choosingtostartearlierorendlater、 providedtheygetthejobdone.thatthefactoryfloorisn’tastandardassemblyline–everythingiscustom-builtforindustrialclients–

“people have lives outside，“Roth says .”it ' snotalwayseasytoscheduledoctors ' appointmentsarounda ' punch-inat7and leave”。

whilefactoryownerslikerothliketostresstheflexibilityofmanufacturingcareers，oneaspectisnonnegotiable:location.millennialslooon

翻译:

mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool， itookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatiwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.however， duringthatcourseirealisedthatiwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture， soidecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.beforeapplyingforuniversityitoldeveryonethatiwouldstudyjournalism，because writing was。 one of my favourite activities. but，to be absolutely honest，i said it，Becauseithoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream-Iknewtha

阅读:

a shift in thought

wildfireseasonhasbecomelongerandmoreintenselately.butbeyondaddresingclimatechange， someresearcherscallforaparadigmshifttoaddressthevarioushumanfactorsrelatingtopreventionandsafety.byjesicamendoza，staff writer Calif.- ona chain-linkfencealongroute 39 hangsahomemadeposter，peppered with hearts，thankingfring

the sign、oneofahandfulscatteredacrosstown、saluteseffortstobattlethesangabrielcomplexfire、 twinblazesthathaderuptedonjune 20 inthemountainsofangelesnationalforesttothenorthofthecity.withinadayofigniting，the fire had burne 00 acresandforcedhundredstoevacuate.nearlyaweekpassedbeforetheusforestserviceandlocalandstateauthoritiesmanagedtocontaionven lff take our quiz！

“three days in，you could still see the flames，”says jasmine perez，a teacher’Sassistantandresidentofazusa， whichsitsnortheastoflosangeles.andbecauseofthesmoke、she adds、“in the mornings”、 itkindoflookedlikenighttimestill .”thesangabrielcomplexwasoneof 12 largefiresthatabout 4， 00 firefighterswerebattlingacrosscaliforniaasofthursday.suchnumberssoearlyinthefireseasonareatestamenttothegrowingfrequencyconn hewesternus，fireofficialssay–ashiftthatmanyexpertssayislikelyintertwinedwithclimatechangeanditssostoon

but climate、however critical、is only part of the problem、 scientists say.agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatotherhumanactivityandpolicyhaveatleastasmuchimpactonwildfiresasclimatechaneges ngerandmoreintensewildfireseason–andensurethesafetyofresidentsinfire-prone areas–both environmental nfactorshavetobetakenintoas

thatmeansmorethanjustsweepingdrybrushoffthefrontporch.thoughsuchstepsareanimportantpartoftheprocess， officialsandresearchersalikearecallingforacomprehensiveapproachtowildfires:onethatincorporatesfiresafetyandbehaviorinkepolion chaneffortwouldalsorecognizethatfirecanbehelpfulaswellasharmfulandembracefire’splaceinhumansocity

“weneednotjustapolicyshiftbutalsoaculturalshiftinthedialoguearoundfiresinourlandscapeandhowtomanagethem，”SaysJeniferBal。 directorofearthlabandaprofessorofgeographyattheuniversityofcoloradoinboulder.fireisnotsomethingwecanremove.alargemajorition t how do we manage？ ”。

“moreandmoreresearchersarearguingthatanthropogenicinfluencesarereallyimportant [ tounderstandingwildfires ]，adds max moritz”。 aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagementandaprofessoratthecollegeofnaturalresourcesattheuniversity

of california，Berkeley .“Byleavingthemoutwe’remissingacriticalpieceofthesolution .”。

changing attitudes on fire

选择部分:

thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates，thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdols professor moritz and others say. in， theusforestserviceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits $ 5.5 billionannualbudgetfightingfires–nearlydoublethepercentageisept onn ffect，fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency’sotherwork–suchasforestconservation watershedandculturalresourcesmanages

anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragencies、suchasthedepartmentofhousingandurbandevelopment、 aregoingintoconstructioninfire-prone districts.asmoritzputsit，howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytoblost

“it’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry，”he says .“weneedtotakeamagnifyinggglastho”。 dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape？ ”。

suchapivotwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayussocietytodayviewsfire，researchers say。

for one thing，conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.overthepastdecade， thefocushasbeenonclimatechange–howthewarmingoftheearthfromgreenhousegases ( includinghumancarbonemissions ) isleadingtocondion

while climate is a key element、moritz says、it shouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation。

“thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked，and the interactions go both ways，”he says. failing to recognize that，henethat。 leads to“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.ourperceptionoftheproblemandperceptionofwhatthesolutionis [ be coment ]

at the same time，peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity， saysprofessorbalchattheuniversityofcolorado.butacknowledgingfire’sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelover

“we’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire，“balchsays .”itisreallyimportanttounderstandtryandteaseoutwhatisthue。

role for citizens ... and for policy

after nearly 30 yearsinthestatefireservice，janetuptonunderstandsthevalueofthatconnection。

duringherearlydayswiththecaliforniadepartmentofforestryandfireprotection ( cal fire )，veteranswouldtellwarstoriesofhugefires

“but in my generation，thoseofuswho’vecomeupthroughthe ' 80s，' 90s， 2000 s…wefeellikewedon’thavethelicensetousetheword’unprecedented’any more.we’veseenitallinthelastfewyears， “shesays .“I”veprobablyhad 15 once-in-a-career fires .”andpeoplecausedmostofthem， MS.uptonsays.about 90 Percentofallfiresincaliforniacanbetracedtohumanactivity， whether it’sastoveleftonoracampfireleftburning.whichiswhypubliceducationhasbeenupton’smaingoalsince 2008， whenthen-gov.arnoldschwarzeneggerappointedhercalfire’sdeputycommunicationsdirector.thedepartmenthassincemadestrides playings ndnationalcampaignsthatunderscorethepublic’sroleinfiresafety.but people’stendencytopudt toftheirmindsuntilit’stoolatecontinus

“thisisgoingtosoundcold.butifsomeonechoosestoliveinaruralareaandcontinuestonotberesponsiveto [ fire-safety ] education”。 theworstpunishmentthey’regoingtogetisthey’regoingtolosetheirhomeinafire，“she says”。

a paradigm shift，some researchers hope，canaddressthatgapbetweeneducationandaction.environmentalpolicyspecialistrayasker， ff envisionswholecommunitiesdesignedaroundtheconceptoffiresafety，andaslateoffire-preventionpoliciesatthelocal，state，andand。

“what we’retellingthepublicnowis，‘reducetheriskoffires–ifyousochoose .’imagineifwetrieddrivingourcarslikethat，“says dr. rasker whoisalsoexecutivedirectorofheadwaterseconomics，anonprofitresearchfirmbasedinbozeman，mont.whyoust」 building codes，and subpe developmentcodesandordinancesthatsay，‘look if you’regoingtobuildthere， thehere“someplacesarealreadytakingsteps.San Diego’smunicipalcode，for instance， requirespropertyownerstomaintainlandscapeandvegetationstandards–orfaceapenaltyequivalenttothecostofhiringaprivatecontractor o s hassetasidecloseto 30 percentofcitylandasconservationareas， curbingthenumberofnewstructuresthatcanbebuiltwithinthefire-prone“wildland-urban接口”( wui ) –thespacebetweenunoccupiednaturallandhumandevelopments.flagstaff，ariz .，boulder，colo .，and santa fe，n.m，Haha

buttheneedforactioncontinuestogrow.asbadaswildfireshavebeeninrecentyears，researchshowsthey’relikelytogetworseastheuspopulate

“wekeepbuildingmoreandmorehomesinharm’sway，“raskernotes .”unlesswegetahandleondevelopment，we’rerealynotadresing。

mind-set matters，too - for everyone，says upton at cal fire。

“it’samitigationissue.youcantakethelenswe’re looking at [ in California ] andtakeittotornadoalleyortheeasternseaboard，“she says” “it’saboutinformingyourselfasamemberofthepublicorapolicymaker.howcanyoudosomethingcomprehensive”。 ”。

作文:

小作文:回答教授的邀请函，教授邀请你参加presentation，向留学生讲述中国文化，要求大家列举他接受邀请，presentation的重点。

大作文:今年英语的两大作文部分考察了线形图，文案关系到博物馆的数量和来客逐年增加的问题。

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